The nineteenth century is the era when Scotland moved towards the modern era in the central belt with the growth of the cities and their industrialisation. the scottish highlands became the seat for a new romantic image of scotland that remains resonant today.

Ninteenth Century Scottish History Timeline

• 1800 Rich ironstone discovered in the Monklands area  
• 1800 Robert Owen takes over at New Lanark  
• 1802 Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border published  
• 1803 Telford begins the Caledonian Canal  
• 1806 Appointed Clerk to the Court of Session  
• 1808 Marmion published  
• 1810 Lady of the Lake published  
• 1811 Scott buys Abbotsford  
• 1811 Scots settle Red River in Manitoba  
• 1811 John Rennie builds Waterloo Bridge in London  
• 1812 Henry Bell launches the Comet on the Clyde  
• 1814 Waverley written  
• 1815 John Loudon McAdam develops his surfaced roads  
• 1816 Old Mortality published  
• 1819 The Radical War  
• 1819 Queen Victoria born  
• 1819 Ivanhoe published  
• 1820 1820s - Start of fall in kelp prices sparks off widespread emigration  
• 1823 Robert Napier builds his first marine steam engine  
• 1823 Reduction of whisky duty makes commercial sales viable  
• 1826 Charlotte dies. Scott suffers financial collapse  
• 1827 John Brown born  
• 1828 James Neilson invents hot blast method of iron smelting  
• 1828 Burke and Hare tried  
• 1830 Glasgow's population reaches 200,000  
• 1830 1830s - Beginning of failure of potato crops  
• 1831 New patent whisky still helps large scale production  
• 1832 Reform Act introduced
• 1832 Firsy books on tartan published  
• 1834 First iron shipyard opened by Tod and MacGregor at Meadowside on the Clyde  
• 1834 Veto Act introduced  
• 1837 Victoria takes the throne  
• 1842 Ministers meet at the Edinburgh Convocation  
• 1842 She and Albert visit Scotland for the first time  
• 1843 The Disruption  
• 1844 Lewis bought by Sir James Matheson  
• 1846 Robert Lister first uses ether as an anaesthetic  
• 1846 Thomas Cook organises first Scottish tour  
• 1847 James Young Simpson discovers chloroform  
• 1847 Lease offered on Balmoral  
• 1848 Victoria first meets John Brown  
• 1848 The Queen first attends the Braemar Gathering  
• 1850 1850s - Clearances end when virtually everyone is evicted  
• 1850 Highland Estate Building. A period during which the scenery and romantic stories of and about the Highlands of Scotland led to a rapid expansion of travelling and sport. In order to facilitate this, many houses and estates were built. The tracks built for stalking are often still in use today and can be useful for hill approaches. This period of ?Balmoralism? (named after Queen Victoria?s Highland Castle) was made easier by the ?clearances?, when crofters were displaced to make way for more profitable sheep.  
• 1851 Paraffin Young patents his shale oil extraction process  
• 1852 Victoria and Albert buy Balmoral  
• 1856 James Keir Hardie born  
• 1856 Hugh Thomas Munro born in London. Munro born in London, at 27 Eaton Place. The eldest of a family of nine. His collecting habit starts early, with butterflies, birds? eggs, shells, fossils and so on. Goes to school in Crieff, Perthshire.  
• 1860 Glasgow's population reaches nearly 400,000  
• 1860 Joseph Lister begins his practical work on antiseptic surgery  
• 1860 Invention of breech loading shotgun makes Highland hunting easier  
• 1861 Prince Albert dies  
• 1863 Railway from Perth to Inverness completed  
• 1866 Gossip about an illicit relationship spreads  
• 1866 He starts work in the mines  
• 1873 Munro in Germany. Munro goes to Stuttgart to learn German. Starts climbing in the Alps.  
• 1875 Munro returns to London. Back in London, Munro studies business methods and enjoys the social life. He has a good ear for music and becomes an expert dancer. Goes to Europe as Aide-de-Camp to General the Honourable W. Fielding. Several years later develops pleurisy.  
• 1877 Large scale (six-inch) field survey of Scotland completed by O.S. The O.S. complete the six-inch maps, the basis for the one-inch series to follow.  
• 1878 Matheson dies  
• 1879 Hardie joins the Lanarkshire Miners' Union  
• 1880 Moves to Ayrshire  
• 1880 Railway reaches Tyndrum. The Oban Railway Line reaches Tyndrum, making it easier to reach many mountainous areas.  
• 1880 Munro in S. Africa. To improve his health, Munro goes to S. Africa, as Private Secretary to Sir George Colley, Governor of Natal. When the Basuto War breaks out volunteers for active service and carries despatches as a member of an irregular cavalry corps, Landrey's Horse. At end of war returns home to London, bringing with him Basuto and Zulu curios, antelope heads, a black boy, and a monkey.  
• 1882 Highland Land League formed  
• 1883 O.S. one-inch maps cover most of Scotland. Growth of walking clubs. In the 3rd quarter of this century, at least a dozen walking and rambling clubs were formed in the Lowlands of Scotland.  
• 1884 William Hesketh Lever makes his first trip to the Hebrides  
• 1884 Early listing of Scottish Mountains. Third Edition of 'The Highland Sportsman and Tourist' (Robert Hall) - Lists 236 heights of 3000ft or more. But it is not known for certain whether Munro saw this, or other early lists.  
• 1885 Munro tries politics. Munro, now living mainly at the family home in Forfarshire, at Lindertis, stands as Conservative candidate for Kirkcaldy Burghs. And gets heavily defeated. Continues to explore the Scottish hills.  
• 1888 Fights and loses Mid Lanark by-election  
• 1888 Scottish Labour Party formed  
• 1889 Formation of Scottish Mountaineering Club. March 1889, Glasgow. The SMC is constituted after correspondence in the ?Glasgow Herald? discussing the possibility of forming a ?Scottish Alpine Club?. There was already in Scotland a small nucleus of active and experienced mountaineers, but contact between them was spare. The SMC begin a Journal in 1890, initially published three times a year, and including a serially published guide to the Scottish Mountains. The first Editor, J.G. Stott, commissions Munro to draw up a list of Scottish mountains. Munro has to date climbed 42 tops.  
• 1891 An Comunn Gaidhealach - the Gaelic Society - founded to promote the Gaelic language  
• 1891 Munro?s Tables Published The famous tables are published for the first time in September, 1891, in the sixth issue of Volume 1 of the SMC Journal. They include 538 tops which exceed 3,000 feet in height; 283 are deemed to be separate mountains. Munro completed the list in five months of very hard work, using many field notes collected before and during its compilation. In a note to the Tables, Munro admits that he did not foresee the amount of work which would be required. Munro is 35.  
• 1892 Hardie elected as MP for West Ham South  
• 1892 Munro becomes 3rd President of SMC. As President he entertains his fellow members on Club Meets by playing the flute. He does not drink tea.  
• 1892 Marries general's daughter. Travels widely. He continues, while in Scotland, to work on the Tables, as he is not completely happy with the first edition. 1893 He dies at Abbotsford  
• 1893 John Brown dies  
• 1893 Independent Labour Party formed  
• 1894 West Highland Railway reaches Fort William  
• 1894 Scottish Labour Party wound up  
• 1895 Hardie loses West Ham  
• 1897 Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee  

Eighteenth Century Scotland Chronology of Key Events

• 1700 Scots population of Ulster now about 100,000. Less than 14 per cent of land of Ireland owned by Catholics
• 1700 second expedition flees Darien
• 1701 New English war with France begins
• 1701 James VII dies
• 1702  William of Orange dies, to be succeeded by Queen Anne
• 1702 King William dies
• 1702 First discussions between commissioners about union begin
• 1702 King William of Orange dies. Mary's sister Anne becomes Queen
• 1703 Talks collapse. Anne calls for fresh Scottish elections
• 1703 New Scottish parliament meets
• 1703 Scots parliament passes Act of Security
• 1705 English pass the Alien Act
• 1705 Scots parliament agrees Queen Anne can appoint its commissioners to negotiate for union
• 1706 Negotiations between commissioners start
• 1706 Estates meet to discuss deal drawn up by commissioners
• 1706 Riots break out in the town as a protest against merger with England
• 1707 Power moves from Edinburgh to Westminster after Treaty of Union
• 1707 Act of Union
• 1707 Estates pass act agreeing to Articles of Union
• 1707 Estates adjourned
• 1707 Act of Union passed
• 1707 Act of Union comes into effect
• 1708 Scottish Privy Council abolished. First Jacobite invasion beaten off
• 1712 Rob Roy runs off with Montrose's money and becomes an outlaw
• 1712 Patronage Act introduced
• 1713 English malt tax forces Scottish boycott of parliament. Lords vote to dissolve the union narrowly fails
• 1714 Queen Anne dies
• 1715 Earl of Mar raises standard of the Stewart Pretender, James VIII and III, and quickly seizes Perth
• 1715 battle of Sheriffmuir
• 1715 James lands at Peterhead
• 1715 He takes part in the battle of Sheriffmuir, ostensibly on the Jacobite side
• 1716 James leaves again for France
• 1719 Alexander Monro, appointed Professor of Anatomy at Edinburgh University
• 1720 Prince Charles Edward Stewart born in Rome
• 1722 Argyll brings about a reconciliation between Rob Roy and Montrose
• 1726 Rob Roy pardoned while in Newgate Prison awaiting transportation to Barbados
• 1726 Wade appointed Commander in Chief of Scotland with orders to pacify the Highlands
• 1726 Plans for new Edinburgh Royal Infirmary drawn up
• 1733 Original secession
• 1734 Rob Roy dies
• 1739 Wade's major road building programme in the Highlands completed
• 1740 War between Britain and France begins
• 1744 Proposed French invasion of Scotland called off
• 1745 Charles arrives in Scotland to start his campaign
• 1745 the Jacobites take Perth and Edinburgh
• 1745 Carlisle falls, followed by Lancaster, Preston and Manchester
• 1745 6 December 1745: Prince begins retreat from Derby
• 1745 25 December: Jacobites enter Glasgow
• 1745 Prince reaches Derby
• 1745 Charles wins the Battle of Prestonpans
• 1745 Charles's standard raised at Glenfinnan
• 1746 3 January 1746: Charles and his army leave Glasgow
• 1746 18 February: Jacobites take Inverness
• 1746 14 April: Cumberland arrives at Nairn
• 1746 April 1746 - Battle of Culloden
• 1746 September 1746 - Charles catches a boat to France
• 1746 June 1746 - Flora MacDonald smuggles Charles to Skye
• 1746 Defeat of the Jacobites at Culloden
• 1746 End of last Jacobite rebellion
• 1746 16 April: Battle of Culloden
• 1746 5 March: Fort Augustus falls to the Prince
• 1746 17 January: Battle of Falkirk
• 1748 Wade dies and is buried in Westminster Abbey
• 1750 Charles secretly returns to London
• 1752 Plans for a New Town are drawn up
• 1753 his daughter Charlotte born to Clementina Walkenshaw
• 1755 first Scottish census completed
• 1759 Nor' Loch drained
• 1759 Robert Burns born in Alloway
• 1760 Beginning of introduction of sheep to the Highlands
• 1760 Carron ironworks begins operation
• 1761 Second secession
• 1765 James Watt invents the separate condenser steam engine
• 1766 Charles's father, the Old Pretender, dies
• 1766 Burns family move to Mount Oliphant
• 1767 Work on New Town begun
• 1768 First Encyclopaedia Britannica published
• 1769 Ascent of Ben More. Ben More, Crianlarich, was climbed in 1769 by a group of astronomers, seeking to observe a transit of the planet Venus.
• 1769 Ascent of Ben More. Ben More, Crianlarich, was climbed in 1769 by a group of astronomers, seeking to observe a transit of the planet Venus.
• 1770 Height of tobacco trade with America
• 1770 1770s - Demand for wool increases
• 1771 Walter Scott born in Edinburgh
• 1771 Early Ascents of Ben Nevis. In 1771, the first recorded ascent of Ben Nevis was made, by the botanist James Robertson, then collecting specimens. He was followed three years later by John Williams, who was on the lookout for commercial mineral deposits. In 1787, a third recorded ascent was made by a Lieutenant Walker and party. This ascent seems to have had no other purpose other than curiosity, and what is interesting is that it seems likely that in the three years between these two latter ascents, many had made the laborious climb to the summit for pleasure, as some 30 small cairns were found by Walker on the summit plateau.
• 1772 Charles marries Louisa, Princess of Stolberg
• 1772 North Bridge completed
• 1774 Flora MacDonald emigrates to America
• 1774 Schiehallion use to ?weigh? the Earth. The Astronomer Royal, the Rev. Nevil Maskelyne (so unflatteringly portrayed in the recent television adaptation of ?Longitude?), spends four months on Schiehallion making observations relating to the density of the earth.
• 1775 American Revolution begins
• 1776 Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
• 1777 Family move again to Lochlea
• 1777 Returns from a childhood in the Borders
• 1780 Founds bachelors Club in Tarbolton
• 1780 Glasgow's population reaches more than 40,000
• 1783 Robert and his brother lease farm at Mossgiel
• 1783 Emigration begins after American War of Independence
• 1784 Robert's father dies
• 1786 Robert changes the spelling of his surname from Burness to Burns
• 1786 Apprenticed to his father's law fi
• 1786 Kilmarnock Edition of his work published
• 1787 Consolidates his position in Edinburgh society and publishes Edinburgh Edition
• 1788 Charles dies in Rome
• 1788 Marries Jean Armour, moves to Ellisland and joins Excise Service
• 1790 Death of Flora MacDonald
• 1791 Robert Adam designs Charlotte Square
• 1791 Gives up Ellisland and moves to Dumfries
• 1791 Ordnance Survey founded. Following the second ill-fated Jacobite rebellion in 1745, Cumberland?s Deputy Quartermaster General, Lieutenant-General Watson, decided that a map of the Highlands was required. An infantry detachment, under the direction of William Roy, was posted to Fort Augustus in 1747,where they spent the next eight years on this mammoth task. It was largely due to him that the Ordnance Survey was founded in 1791. The principal project for the next 33 years was the production of a one-inch to the mile map of Great Britain. In 1810, their triangulations reached Scotland. The Director-General, from 1820 to 1846 was Thomas Colby.
• 1792 Ross rebellion against importation of sheep takes place
• 1794 Appointed excise supervisor
• 1796 Appointed excise supervisor
• 1797 Marries Charlotte Carpenter
• 1799 Appointed Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire

Seventeenth Century Scottish History Chronology of Events

• 1600 James is seized in the Gowrie Conspiracy
• 1603 The Union of the Crowns. Mary's son James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England
• 1603 Elizabeth of England dies. James also becomes James I of England 
• 1603 Union of the Crowns. James VI of Scotland also becomes James I of England on the death of Elizabeth
• 1603 The Union of the Crowns. James becomes James I of England and VI of Scotland.
• 1603 Surrender of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, after rebellion at Kinsale
• 1605 Guy Fawkes captured as the Gunpowder Plot is foiled
• 1606 James holds talks with leading Kirk ministers in Lo
• 1606 new Union Flag, similar to present day Union Jack, is agreed
• 1606 The new plantation under James VI begins
• 1607 Treaty of Union passed by Scottish parliament but rejected by the English
• 1608 Scots begin to settle area around Derry
• 1609 James orders Andrew Knox to strike a deal with the clans
• 1610 James increases the number of Scottish bishops to 11 and creates two new archbishops
• 1611 Authorised version of the Bible first published
• 1612 Mary's body is moved to Westminster Abbey
• 1612 Birth of James Graham, Earl of Montrose
• 1617 James visits Scotland for the final time
• 1618 Five Articles of Perth passed through the Kirk's General Assembly
• 1618 Ascent of Mount Keene by John Taylor, The 'Water Poet' of London.(He was a waterman on the Thames, hence his pen-name.) This pamphleteer, from London, passed over this mountain on his way from Glenmark to Braemar, in July or August, 1618. In his amusing description of the walk he verified the wetting ability of 'Scottish Miste', as well as commenting on the temperature difference between valley and top.
• 1621 Scottish parliament reluctantly approves the Five Articles
• 1625 James VI dies of old age
• 1625 Charles passes Act of Revocation
• 1625 Charles succeeds James VI as king of Scotland and England
• 1625 James I dies, to be succeeded by Charles I, who keeps the settlement policy going
• 1633 Coronation of Charles in Edinburgh
• 1636 Glasgow's population estimated at less than 10,000
• 1637 New service book introduced. Riots in St Giles Cathedral
• 1638 National Covenant signed in Edinburgh
• 1638 General Assembly meets in Glasgow
• 1639 Parliament House, seat of the Scottish parliament, completed
• 1639 Royalist forces beaten at Battle of Brig O'Dee. Truce agreed
• 1640 Covenantor army re-forms
• 1641 Major Gaelic rebellion in attempt to get lands returned
• 1642 English civil war begins
• 1642 Start of the English civil war
• 1643 Solemn League and Covenant signed
• 1644 Montrose captures Dumfries
• 1645 Montrose's forces beat Argyll at Inverlochy
• 1645 Victory turns to disaster at Philiphaugh
• 1646 Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army near Newark in Nottinghamshire
• 1648 Charles tried
• 1649 Charles I executed. Oliver Cromwell invades Ireland
• 1649 Charles I executed outside Whitehall
• 1650 Scots population in Ulster estimated to be 50,000
• 1650 Montrose executed in Edinburgh
• 1650 Charles II returns to Scotland
• 1650 Scots forces defeated at battle of Dunbar
• 1651 Charles II crowned King of Scots
• 1651 Forces of Charles defeated at battle of Worcester
• 1653 Earl of Glencairn begins attempted rising against Cromwell
• 1658 Cromwell dies
• 1659 General Monck marches south to offer Charles II his kingdom back
• 1660 Charles II restored
• 1660 Charles II restored to the thrones of Scotland and England
• 1661 Earl of Lauderdale recalls the Scottish Estates
• 1662 Covenant declared illegal
• 1662 New quay for shipping built at the Broomielaw
• 1665 Open air Conventicles grow in popularity
• 1666 Battle at Rullion Green near Edinburgh
• 1669 Lauderdale softens the Kirk's parish appointments policy
• 1670 Glasgow becomes second Scottish burgh to Edinburgh in terms of size of assessed revenue
• 1671 Rob Roy born
• 1674 First consignment of Virginia tobacco reaches city
• 1679 Archbishop James Sharp of St Andrews murdered
• 1680 The Killing Time
• 1681 Scottish Privy Council discusses idea of a colony
• 1681 Robert Sibbald founds the College of Physicians in Edinburgh
• 1685 Charles II dies, to be replaced by James VII and II
• 1687 James issues a Declaration of Indulgence allowing greater religious toleration
• 1689 James deposed as king. William and Mary take the Scottish throne as well as that of England
• 1689 Viscount Dundee's rising quelled
• 1689 James flees to France with his exiled court after being deposed
• 1690 Battle of the Boyne. William of Orange defeats James II
• 1690 Scots adopt the Westminster Confession of faith
• 1690 William takes the Scottish throne along with his wife, Queen Mary
• 1691 William demands oath of loyalty from Highland clan chiefs
• 1692 Deadline for taking of the oath runs out
• 1692 McIain arrives to take the oath, to find the local sheriff is on holiday
• 1692 Oath is finally taken
• 1692 The King's orders for the massacre are issued
• 1692 Troops are sent to Glencoe and are billeted with the MacDonalds
• 1692 Massacre takes place in the early morning
• 1693 Scottish parliament passes act to encourage trade
• 1694 Queen Mary dies
• 1695 Government inquiry places most of the blame on Dalrymple. The affair is then officially forgotten
• 1695 MacGregor clan proscribed
• 1695 Bank of Scotland founded
• 1695 series of bad harvests caused by early frosts and wet summers bring famine to Scotland
• 1695 Scottish Africa and India Company founded
• 1697 ships made ready for first Darien expedition
• 1698 first four ships leave Leith for Darien
• 1699 first expedition flees Darien. Second expedition arrives

SIXTEENTH CENTURY HISTORY OF SCOTLAND  ~ CHRONOLOGY OF KEY EVENTS

• 1503 James IV marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII.
• 1508 Scotland begins to cast its own cannon in Edinburgh Castle.
• 1509 Henry VII dies, to be succeeded by his son Henry VIII.
• 1511 The Great Michael is launched.
• 1512 The Auld Alliance is renewed. Under its terms all Scottish citizens become French and vice versa.
• 1512 Henry VIII declares war on France.
• 1513 Battle of Flodden. James IV killed in battle along with much of the aristocracy.
• 1513 the Flodden wall is built, protecting the city but also boxing it in.
• 1513 James V takes the throne.
• 1514 Henry VIII makes peace with France. Peace with Scotland automatically follows.
• 1517 Luther publishes his Fifty Nine Theses. Start of the Reformation.
• 1525 Scots parliament bans the import of Lutheran books. The Lutheran Bible continues to be smuggled in from Germany.
• 1528 The martyr Patrick Hamilton is burned at the stake by Archbishop Beaton for heresy.
• 1541 The Monarch of England begins to call himself King of Ireland.
• 1542 James V dies and Mary, his week old daughter, succeeds to the throne of Scotland. The earl of Arran is appointed governor in Mary's infancy, but her mother, Mary of Guise, has huge influence.
• 1543 The Protestant reformer George Wishart returns to Scotland from Cambridge and begins preaching.
• 1544 Battle of the Shirts fought near Laggan. Frasers of Lovat almost wiped out in the fight against the Clanranald Macdonalds.
• 1545 John Knox joins Wishart and becomes converted to the reformed faith.
• 1545 The Rough Wooing. English forces attack southern Scotland.
• 1546 Wishart arrested and burned at the stake by Cardinal Beaton of St. Andrews.
• 1546 Cardinal Beaton assassinated by a group of Fife Protestants. They barricade themselves in but capitulate after a month.
• 1547 Death of Henry VIII of England. He is succeeded by his son, Edward VI.
• 1548 Scots agree to let Mary Queen of Scots marry the French dauphin. She is immediately sent to France.
• 1549 John Knox released from captivity by the French. He goes to England to help its Reformation.
• 1552 Archbishop Hamilton publishes his Catechism in an attempt to reform the Scottish Catholic church.
• 1553 Edward VI of England dies and his sister Mary Tudor, a Catholic, becomes Queen. John Knox flees from England to the Continent and falls under the influence of John Calvin.
• 1557 The Lords of the Congregation sign their convenant to make Scotland a Protestant country.
• 1558 Mary Queen of Scots marries the Dauphin of France.
• 1558 Unsuccessful policy of plantation of Ireland begins under Elizabeth I.
• 1559 John Knox returns to Scotland and lands at Leith.
• 1559 Francois II becomes king of France when his father, Henri II, dies.
• 1560 The Scots parliament bans celebration of the Mass.
• 1560 Francois II dies, leaving Mary Queen of Scots a widow.
• 1561 Mary returns to Scotland from France to claim her kingdom.
• 1562 She visits Inverness for the first time.
• 1563 Mary passes the Witchcraft Acts allowing witches to be burned as heretics.
• 1565 Mary marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, at the Chapel Royal in Holyrood Palace.
• 1566 David Rizzio murdered within the Palace of Holyrood.
• 1566 James born to Mary Queen of Scots.
• 1566 The future King James VI born at Edinburgh Castle.
• 1567 Darnley murdered.
• 1567 Mary abdicates and flees to England.
• 1567 Mary marries the Earl of Bothwell, is imprisoned, and renounces her throne.
• 1568 She escapes from Loch Leven castle, loses the Battle of Langside, and crosses the border into England.
• 1569 Inquiry into Mary's role in Darnley's death collapses.
• 1570 Mary imprisoned in Sheffield Castle after attempted incursion into Scotland by her English sympathisers fails.
• 1570 Regent Moray shot in Linlithgow.
• 1571 Regent Lennox shot in the back during an attack on the King at Stirling.
• 1572 Duke of Norfolk executed for treason.
• 1572 Regent Erskine dies of illness.
• 1578 The Earl of Bothwell dies a madman in a Danish prison.
• 1579 Esme Stewart arrives in Scotland.
• 1581 Regent Moray executed.
• 1582 Esme Stewart returns to France after James is captured by the Earl of Gowrie.
• 1583 University of Edinburgh established.
• 1586 Babington conspiracy is foiled.
• 1586 Trial against Mary begins at Fotheringhay.
• 1587 Mary Queen of Scots is executed.
• 1589 James marries Anne of Denmark.
• 1590 First possible documented ascent of a Scottish 'mountain'. There are two documented early ascents of mountains that are now listed as Munros. The first of these took place about 1590, when 'Mad' Colin Campbell of Glenlyon made the ascent of Stuch an Lochain (960m, OS Sheet 51, M194, peak of the little loch). This peak lies far up Glen Lyon, above Castle Meggernie, built by 'Mad' Campbell.
• 1599 Oliver Cromwell born.

Fifteenth Century History of Scotland

• 1406 Robert III dies and is replaced by James I, who is almost immediately captured by the English.
• 1411 Battle of Harlaw. Donald fights an army of Lowlanders led by the Earl of Mar in an attempt to bring the lands forming the Earldom of Ross into his kingdom. Both sides claim they won. But the concensus is that the Highlanders got the worse of it.
• 1412 St. Andrews University founded by Bishop Henry Wardlaw.
• 1415 The English win a major victory over the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
• 1424 James I is finally released from captivity in England.
• 1424 Donald is succeeded as Lord by his son Alexander.
• 1431 James begins his campaign to move St. Andrews University to Perth.
• 1437 James I assassinated at Perth. James II succeeds him, though he is only six years old.
• 1437  Edinburgh becomes the national capital of Scotland.
• 1449 John, the last Lord of the Isles, succeeds Alexander.
• 1450 Skye becomes part of the Lordship of the Isles.
• 1451 University of Glasgow founded by Bishop William Turnbull.
• 1460 Glasgow University moves into its first permanent premises near the city's High Street.
• 1488 James IV success to the Scottish throne.
• 1490 Angus the Young murdered in Inverness.
• 1493 James IV declares the Lordship forfeited. End of the Lords of the Isles.